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September 18, 2003
Townsend on Cities, Wires, and Wifi
Posted by Clay Shirky
Anthony Townsend, urban planner and wifi visionary, has published his doctoral thesis, and it's great. It covers the changes within and between cities, as a result of wired, and wireless communications infrastructure. From the intro:
In contrast to most chronicles of the digital network revolution, however, this
dissertation does not emphasize the distance-shrinking opportunities of digital networks.
Quite the contrary, it argues that the construction of this new digital network
infrastructure has actually reinforced existing geographic differences in connectivity at
multiple spatial scales global, metropolitan, and neighborhood.
and, later From this perspective, much of 20th century urban history could be rewritten in
terms of changes in communications technology. For instance, the telephone was just as
instrumental to the emergence of the postwar megalopolis as the automobile. It allowed
factories to decentralize to cheap land at the metropolitan fringe while also permitting
skyscrapers to centralize decision-making operations in urban business districts. Without
the telephone, skyscrapers would require so many elevators for messengers they would
be impractical.
The first four chapters have to do with the engineering and economics behind the buildout of the internet, and its relation to "global cities" -- for those mainly interested in social dynamics and wirelessness, start at Chapter 6, "The Untethered City": In cities, it was also clear that the urban environment generated an enormous
amount of information that needed to be anticipated, reacted to, and incorporated into
everyday decision-making. Information about constantly changing traffic, weather, and
economic conditions could be better transmitted through mobile phones and other
wireless digital media. Traditionally, cities had functioned on a daily cycle of information
flow with mass media like newspapers, third spaces like bars and cafes, and family
conversations at the dinner table as the primary means of information exchange. With
ubiquitous untethered communications, however, this old cycle was dramatically speeded
up. As the information cycle sped up, there was a corresponding increase in the rate of
urban metabolism the pace at which urban economic and social life consumed
information and materiel. In effect, instead of the synchronous daily rhythm of the
industrial city coordinated by standardized time, untethered communications were
leading to a city coordinated on the fly in real-time.
At 174 pages, exhortations to read the whole thing will probably go unheeded, but Townsend has the felicitous combination -- he has something to say, and he can write. If you care about the impact of wirelessness on social life or cities or both, get the paper and at least read Chapter 6.
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