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September 29, 2005
Posted by
Recently over at Wikipedia, Esquire magazine writer AJ Jacobs tried an experiment. He posted his 709 word story about Wikipedia into Wikipedia itself, and asked the community to help edit it.
...continue reading.
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July 19, 2005
Posted by Paul B Hartzog
A darkened theatre. A full house. A heroic act. A mighty roar from the crowd. This is the delight of good cinema.
I love going to the movies with people, even people I don’t know. I love to hear others’ reactions, and discuss the movie with people afterwards. In fact, I love it so much, that when my neighbor shows movies in many languages from all over the world in his backyard on Saturday nights during the summer, I often go down for the movie and end up enjoying the wine, cheese, and conversation more than the images flickering across a bedsheet waving gently in the breeze.
So, I got to thinking: What if you could rent a theater for a night? Then I read this: “At this year’s Sundance Film Festival in Park City, Utah, filmmaker David LaChapelle screened his new hi-def movie, Rize, by streaming it from Oregon and then transmitting it through a WiMax station in Salt Lake City. It worked flawlessly - soon even theaters won’t have to rely on physical media anymore” (from http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.04/start.html?pg=2).
Improvements in bandwidth and compression will usher in the possibility of streaming movies directly to local theaters.
...continue reading.
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May 4, 2005
Posted by Nancy White
Stowe Boyd posted a ”blink” on Corante about an event he was going to that he thought was charging for a live video stream. On the train en route to NYC, for the Blogging Goes Mainstream conference, hosted by Business Development Institute, and a long list of great speakers. If you can’t attend, I think PR Newswire is streaming the audio out for $125.
That got me thinking/blogging about some of the implications of charging for live audio and video streams. What are the tensions between folks who live blog out at an event (text, audio, photos, video) and what organizers might want to sell. Are they competing? Complementary? Is someone going to want to ‘own’ that stuff?
Stowe riffed back and I thought it worth a post here on Many2Many (as I have been a very delinquent guest blogger!)
...continue reading.
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January 13, 2005
Posted by Kevin Marks
The CBS memos case known as 'Rathergate' has been picked over for months in the blog world, so it was a bit of a surprise to me that only now have CBS issued their report.
When told that the memos were fake, Rather said "If the documents are not what we were led to believe, I'd like to break that story." He is thinking of a story he can put EXCLUSIVE on. But whom would he be excluding? Presumably other big media organisations.
More reflective journalists, such as Dan Gillmor, are instead thinking how they can put INCLUSIVE on their stories - they are measuring success by how many people they bring into the conversation, and they recognise it doesn't necessarily start with them.
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December 2, 2004
Posted by Nancy White
I’ve known Sue Thomas online and off for about 5 years. Her contributions to understanding life online are extraordinary for three reasons. She lives fully online meaning that she immerses herself (not that she lives ONLY online). She takes time to critically and sometimes painfully reflect on her experiences. And most importantly, she shares what she has learned.
Recently she wrote an article for trAce, her online professional (and, I sense, artistic) home. In Walter Ong and the problem of writing about LambdaMOO Sue reflects on why it is so damn hard to explain online interaction experiences to those who have never had one of their own. (Bolding below is mine.)
“At trAce I often speak with people who live and work online about their perceptions of how the net has changed them and the worlds in which they move. In every conversation the transient nature of connectedness is taken so much as a given that there is hardly any need to define or describe it. Everybody knows what it is, how it feels, the energy of it, the occasional despair at its tricks and limitations. We talk about it using the common shorthand of the net - emoticons, acronyms, program code - because the language itself is the key to the concepts and experiences we are discussing. But the problem is that, despite no specific intention that this should happen, it has evolved into a secret cultural discourse which is unintelligible to the uninitiated.”
Sue goes on to talk about Walter Ong’s work on orality and text based literacy.
“Because Ong’s analysis convinces me that LambdaMOO and places like them are unique in that although their sole method of communication is textual, the communication that actually takes place there is oral. MOO life happens, as Ong describes of a real-life oral community, “as it really comes into being and exists, embedded in the flow of time.” Its characteristics are therefore those of a group which shares physical space and human experience, and it is equally fractured and transient. Furthermore, it uses tropes and vocabulary that are also embedded within that experience and unintelligible outside it.”
This set off bells for me. I recognized this shift between text created for an article or a novel, and text that “happens” from me as I participate with others online. It is oral. The back channel chat that Liz mentions is an example: how the form allowed the question to surface over the questioner. The question is the story that is passed from teller to teller in pre-literate times. For a moment, it embodies the speaker as he or she experiences typing it into the chat, but through the medium it becomes “of the group. ” I’m reminded of an article Stowe Boyd wrote recently about “real time,” and his experience. ”But more important, the idea that there is some high-order benefit in being able to collaborate asynchronously. Its always a crude approximation of real-time interaction, because the players are unavailable.”
I can recount experiences for when the asynchronous has created more of a reality than real time. When the players were “available” but in a way I struggle to express. We have different experiences of what Sue called the “embedded flow of time.” And for each of us, it is real.
That is what makes this whole experience almost inexplicable. It is experience rather than the reification manifest in text.
[Also blogged here]
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October 19, 2004
Posted by Kevin Marks
Mark Cuban has some ideas for improving TiVos. However, only one of them is slightly social.
Last week I did a little experiment - I took David Weinberger's presidential debate irc chat heckling and combined it with an mp3, giving a recorded social interaction.
This reminded me of an idea I had while watching the Olympics on TiVo. TiVo collects data on which programs have been watched, which bits were fast-forwarded, and which were played more than once or in slow motion.
Imagine if it took the Olympics, or a baseball or football game, or presidential debate, and collated everyone's replay speeds, and then offered up various highlights packages- the most viewed 5 minutes; most viewed hour and so on. This would naturally edit out all commercials, and the commentators padding, and show which parts people as a whole found interesting.
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September 9, 2004
Posted by Kevin Marks
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August 9, 2004
Posted by Nancy White
I’m excited to share that Jenny Ambrozek and Joe Cothrel’s report on the Online Communities in Business survey is now on the web. I was thrilled to be able to spend time with them in June to talk about the report and really anxious to share it out to my network. The full pdf report is here. Jenny and Joe are also hosting a wiki for reader feedback and to gather more insights and information. I encourage you to chime in. There are instructions on the report website on how to request access to the wiki.
Here is the intro:
It has been 25 years since online community found its humble beginnings via the first computer bulletin board. Since then, much attention has focused on the impact on society. But how have online communities affected business?
From February to May 2004, we conducted an online survey of people involved in, or deeply knowledgeable about, online community efforts in large organizations around the world. This survey was conducted in concert with the 7th International Conference on Virtual Communities, the largest and oldest annual gathering of its kind. I have had some time to chew on the initial data and am now savoring the full report. It had both many things I expected as a practitioner, and a few surprises. The optimism of the value of online interaction (I tend to use the word community a little more sparingly!) is validated in what I see in my practice, and the familiar problems are VERY familiar: challenges with effectively measuring ROI and still a limited or non-existant understanding of online groups and communities.
I’ll post a fuller review tomorrow (work calls!) but I really wanted to get the news out and spreading - so I’m blogging to do my part! However, there is one piece I want to dangle out front.
The challenge the report delivers me is around the final issue noted by Joe and Jenny on page 4: “The discipline of creating and managing communities is poorly defined.” That is something I, and WE can do something about. How can we contribute?
(Also posted on Full Circle Blog)
Edited on August 10th to fix typo.
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August 6, 2004
Posted by Nancy White
After seeing so many social network analysis tidbits, resources and news fly by his eyes, Andy Swarrick generously took the plunge to start a SNA resource website. (Caveat: now that I’m back from vacation and work travel, I’m in massive catch up mode and have not read into the site too far).
I did enjoy reading the first bit, The 5 Ages of a Networker. I’m “Net Aware” and interested in moving forward. (The 5 are: Network Newbie, Net Aware, Net Enthusiast, Net Head, Network Guru).
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July 7, 2004
Posted by Nancy White
“Where is my place in this network? What is my community within the network that allows me to hone and grow my practice of online group facilitation?”
These questions came up for me after seeing Joe Cotherel and Jenny Ambrozek’s initial data from their survey of key informants in the “online community” sector. Seeing the historical antecedents, the ever changing influences over the years, has caused me to think about where I sit in that network and how I contribute to the practice.
Joe and Jenny are working on their final report, which I hope to share here on Many2Many a bit later this month. If you want a sneak preview, you can see their slides from their presentation at the Infonortics VC Conference last month.
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July 1, 2004
Posted by Nancy White
danah posted below something that I want to pick up and run a bit farther with:
“This is precisely why it’s bloody hard to study/discuss these technologies without being a practitioner. Distance is valuable as a researcher, but it’s also limiting. You need to engage with the culture at a deep level in order to study it. Because digital technology cultures are so peculiar, you need to be involved at an intimate level. Being a lurker is just not the same. It is the practice of engaging with these technologies that makes you able to move beyond the metaphor.”
I have been harboring a bit of inner burn over the past few months as well. It stems from the ease of condemnation people seem to be able to conjure about things they have not experienced, or perhaps more importantly, not experienced in the same way as another. “If it didn’t work for me, it’s bad. I don’t care that it worked for you.”
I seethe when a “blogger” or a “wiki person” condemns as inferior a web-based discussion and call it a controlling environment. It may have been inferior to them, but for others it is a very freeing, useful and even preferred medium. I boil over when a web-based discussion person dismisses the possibility that bloggers experience “community.” Just because something gets a label slapped on it like “social software” or “old style” does not make it universally better or worse. There is far more subtlety in the context of each instance and deployment. There is the unseen ways in which users bend technology to meet their needs, irrespective of the intention of the designer. This is not taken into account.
There is insufficient experience and practice to slap labels around and make claims that completely ignore a key factor of online interaction technologies.
- They are designed for a group experience.
- They are almost always experienced by an individual in the isolation in interaction with their computer.
My experience is not your experience. Further more, it is hard to even describe OUR experience. We romanticize the concept of group interaction, but in truth, it is imperfect, online and offline. And online we don’t see the consequences as quickly nor are our communication antennae, trained for millennium to F2F communication, as attuned to online communication. I think we are getting better. I see changes. But I can’t see if you are smiling, frowning, curious or pissed off as you read this. And if I want to communicate and engage with you, that matters to me. (If I just want to spout and publish, well, you are out of luck!)
Circling back to danah’s observation about the need to be involved at an intimate level, I want to chime in with a big AMEN. Intimacy means being ready to let my perceptions aside for a moment and get a peek into yours. In means slowing down, experimenting, diving in, risking failure and god forbid, being wrong.
Or perhaps better, being both right and wrong which is how the world works. Context is everything and my right may be your wrong and visa versa. That’s life.
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June 29, 2004
Posted by Nancy White
Seb here: We are delighted to welcome a new guestblogger in the person of online community expert Nancy White! (Nancy’s recent debut in the world of blogging was reported here last month.)
(Hands the mic over to Nancy…)
In an online discussion today, someone was commenting on the lack of functionality of the discussion threads in use. He suggested that the designer could have done it better/differently. I replied that we each experience the interface differently, have different preferences and that the designer probably designed for their preference and perspective.
Then I saw this article by Rashmi Sinha. Roller Coasters vs. Driver’s Seats: Design and the Concept of Situational Control. It planted the seed of the idea about doing more thinking about situational control (and more generally about control itself!). Here are a few quotes that caught my attention:
“…much of what we know about human cognitive behavior tells us that there is a tendency to over-attribute the role that individual agency play in shaping our behavior, while under-attributing the role that the situation plays in our behavior.”
“What are design strategies for dealing with lack of situational control? The typical response is to vie for attentional focus (always a challenge in todays era of sensory overload). There are bad ways of grabbing attention e.g., (like flashing banners and pop-ups). More benign ways might be to make the application or the content engaging. If the New York Times article I am reading holds my attention, then suddenly the lack of situational control ceases to matter. My attention is completely focused on the paper in front of me. The coffee can get cold, the cell phone gets turned off, and everything else recedes into the background. Situational control does not matter, because the design artifact has my attentional focus. Such a state of focused attention and intrinsic enjoyment has been referred to as flow (Hoffman & Novak, 2000). Making the experience immersive by using more realistic graphics is another way of gaining attentional focus. Storytelling can be another way of engaging the user, of gaining their attention.
These questions are important because the design challenge and possible solutions are shaped accordingly. They also impact how designers define their work.”
I wonder what would happen if you analyzed the situational control elements for a group before you configured software for them? Can you design software to respond to those situational and control issues?
P.S. It is a kick in the pants to be able to blog here at M2M. Thanks gang, for inviting me!
Also posted at OnfacBlog
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Posted by Xiao Qiang
Kevin Wu from Pacific Epoch said “Thousands of Chinese Internet users are queuing for Gmail accounts up on a BolgChina bulletin board called “Googler.” Despite the fact Gmail users have to hang in limbo for a couple of day, the site has seen hundreds of applicants roll in. A group of Chinese Gmail account holders started the forum to spread Gmail invitations on regular basis. Users who receive invitations are then encouraged to send invitations to fellow bloggers. A number of local social networking sites, including UUzone, have also opened Gmail communities to get the ball rolling. “
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June 22, 2004
Posted by Xiao Qiang
After being inaccessible for about 48 hours, Wikipedia opened up to mainland Chinese users again on June 17. During the ban, Wikipedia’s founder, James Wales commented on the event to Chinatechnews with following words: “By policy, Wikipedia is not a political site in any way. We are a general reference encyclopedia with a strong neutrality policy. Articles are carefully researched and reviewed by Chinese people in Taiwan, Hong Kong, as well as mainland China. Therefore, Wikipedia is an excellent test case. When Wikipedia is blocked, it can not be claimed that only lies or propaganda are blocked, because we are neither. When we are blocked, it is information itself that is being blocked.”
Thanks to Greg Puhl for sending me this article.
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June 19, 2004
Posted by Xiao Qiang
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June 14, 2004
Posted by Xiao Qiang
Mike on techdirt said “it looks like the Chinese government is fed up with the idea that politically neutral content might be available online. They’ve now start blocking Wikipedia , the popular community-built online encyclopedia that is careful to enforce a policy that entries remain politically neutral. ”
More on this, please click here to see Greg Walton’s post on China Digital News.
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June 13, 2004
Posted by Xiao Qiang
Call it state censorship M2M model: Chinese government just launched a new website for people to report on what officials describe as illegal or unhealthy information on the internet. A China blogger called this "a crackdown that employs a public open-ended architecture" and asked "Isn’t that just inviting random, pornographic, illegal, and inappropriate comments?"
My view is actually this form of censorship can be quite powerful. This strategy is complimentary to, yet much more effective than simply controlling internet use through law and regulations, and blocking access to foreign sites. It goes together with the governments other efforts such as forcing ISPs and ICPs to show what it calls self discipline and using internet police units to monitor online activity, including people surfing in the many thousands of internet cafes.
The Chinese authorities are once again using a strategy which mixes intimidation, uncertainty, and divide and conquer techniques to create fear and distrust among people, therefore forcing internet users to censor themselves online. (If one wants to know more about how censorship works in Chinese society, you can read an excellent article written by Princeton professor Perry Link.)
However, in the long run, I am optimistic that the growing demands for free expression among Chinese netizens will ultimately topple any censorship regime, including this "M2M" type.
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June 5, 2004
Posted by Xiao Qiang
Mat Honan started his long piece on today's Salon.com with this sentence: "On the 15th anniversary of the Tiananmen crackdown, blogs are booming in China. But are they making any difference?"
The full article is here. Read it online because it contains many hyperlinks which put the story in context. Registration is required, but non-subscribers can get a free day pass.
Ross add's Xiao's comment in the article...
"You also have to watch who are the people using the Internet," says Xiao, "the demography. It's not just average Chinese people. It's still a very particular kind, usually young, anywhere from teenagers to early 20s. Hardly anyone over 35. They are usually probably being wild in China, whether working at a good job or in college, and have a lot of opportunities. They are not the ones who suffer. They are not the poor workers, they are not the overtaxed peasants. They are not revolutionary. They are not the ones advocating the overthrow of the government. The government is counting on that; the Internet users are their power base. And I think they are basically right."
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June 4, 2004
Posted by Xiao Qiang
Today is the fifteenth anniversary of the Tiananmen massacre, David Callaway from CBS MarketWatch wrote a op-ed piece entitled "Tiananmen hangs over China boom" Here are some quotes from his article:
"The idea that a booming economy will push the hard line government into suddenly deciding to release its grip on power in exchange for some pre-IPO shares of Google and a bunch of lifetime golf club memberships doesn't hold much sway given what's already happened to the economy in China in the last few years.
In fact, the economic excesses we've seen have probably further entrenched China's rulers. So chances are that when real political reform arrives -- which will happen -- it will come suddenly and violently rather than gradually or through some giant national party, like the collapse of the Berlin Wall. "
I hope David's prediction is not true, and the political transformation in China will go through peaceful and smooth process, instead of a violent one. Can the Net play a role in helping China create a peaceful transition to democracy? Will social software that we are discussing in this forum, and other technologies, help gradually release the political tension in Chinese society? Or will the mobile, pervasive, many-to-many communication technologies be powerful tools for the next explosive social uprising, especially if there is an economic downturn? I certainly do not have answers for all these questions. But I have no doubts that the Net is speeding up the death of the old regime in China. In the words of poet T.S. Eliot:
"This is the way the world ends
This is the way the world ends
This is the way the world ends
Not with a bang but a whimper."
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June 1, 2004
Posted by Xiao Qiang
PC World reported the Chinese wikipedia story today. An informal group of Chinese volunteers has been working on this project since May 2001. According to Hong Kong Scholar Andrew Lih, the Chinese language Wikipedia (http://zh.wikipedia.org) is still relatively small, with just over 6,500 articles, and ranks as the 12th largest just behind Esperanto and Italian (as of March 1, 2004). It only recently gained attention in the Chinese press and I certainly believe that this persistent media will draw more and more participants in Chinese cyberspace.
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May 30, 2004
Posted by Xiao Qiang
I know c.c. function of email can be counted as "social software." What about BBS? It certainly can function as many-to-many. Anyway, the reason I say this here is because BBS is the most politically active place in Chinese cyberspace. The number of Chinese Internet users is quickly reaching 90 million. (Already surpassing the number of members of the Chinese Communist Party. ) About one-fifth of Chinese netizens regularly make use of BBS (Bulletin Board Systems). These BBSs can be run by individuals, commercial companies such as sina.com, or government agencies. At any given time, there are literally tens of thousands of users active in these BBS and forums, reading news, searching for information, and debating current affairs. Even on official Web sites such as People’s Daily, its popular BBS, Strong Nation Forum, has more than 280,000 registered members and more than 12,000 posts per day. Together with e-mail listservs, chat rooms, instant message services, wireless short text messaging, and an emerging Weblogging community, the BBSs have provided unprecedented opportunities for Chinese netizens to engage in public affairs. I chaired a round table discussion on this subject in Berkeley last month. Here is the webcast link.
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May 27, 2004
Posted by Xiao Qiang
Thanks for Ross' invitation for being a guest blogger here. I will start with sharing two news items I have found today. The first one is an Chinese official from the Ministry of Information Industry (MII) was quoted saying "in 2004, China would likely turn out 48 million computers, a rise of 29 percent over last year. The figure is expected to reach 90 million in 2008. " If the official is right, then China is going to be world's largest IT market in 5 years.
This is number of computers in China. What about social software? CNblog.org is a very active group weblog in Chinese cyberspace, discussing weblogs, wiki, social networking services etc... According to bloggers on CNblog, China now has more than 300,000 active bloggers. I also noticed an interesting news about a local Communist Party branch website just added on RSS function. These technologies are spreading fast in Chinese cyberspace today.
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April 6, 2004
Posted by Joshua Schachter
The Automated Online Role-Player is a short, amusing tale of the Autocamp 2000, providing simultaneously a great deal of insight into surprising behavior in both online games and social "network" software.
...continue reading.
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March 8, 2004
Posted by
When you include rules & rankings in a social system, you're laying foundational elements for an emerging culture -- and communicating what's valued within that culture. As the recent brouhaha over Orkut deletions demonstrates, the absence of clear rules can lead to confusion, anger and lots of energy spent exploring the boundaries of acceptable behavior.
Given that Orkut is still in Beta, this is arguably a useful and necessary part of the 'debugging process' - i.e. the members are helping Orkut debug and fix their Service Agreement and Code of Conduct, as well as their software. However, all that energy is NOT being spent on building relationships -- and the strength of those relationships will ultimately drive Orkut's success.
So, bending & breaking the rules is one kind of meta-game -- but if you step back, squint your eyes and look at the experience of navigating a social network, you can see an exploring game where finding people and learning more about them is the core activity. What do people do in a first-generation social network? Browse profiles, follow links, collect friends, join and create groups, and search for people using a variety of criteria. Sounds kinda like a social exploring & collecting game to me :-)
Computers allow us to create navigable 3D worlds -- and our sense are exceptionally well-tuned for operating in a physical space. Computer games like RPGs and MMPs allow us to embody a character and explore a fantastic 3D world -- but there's something equally fanstastic about exploring a fast-growing, ever-changing networked 2D world of people and relationships. Like MUDs, social networks are lightweight, easy to change, and leave lots of room for your imagination. Although they're not 'games' per se, social networks offer a new kind of entertainment experience that's centered around connecting with like-minded people. I can't wait to see what next-generation social networking apps look like -- I'm hoping we'll see some breakthrough products that redefine what a networked entertainment experience can be.
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March 4, 2004
Posted by
...continue reading.
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March 1, 2004
Posted by
A few weeks back, Clay Shirky posted about the lack of games coverage on Many2Many . That got me thinking about the relationship between game design and social software, and about why social software apps like buddy lists, blogs and social networks FEEL so game-like to me.
...continue reading.
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February 27, 2004
Posted by
Mobile devices are all about connecting people to other people - so to gain a deeper understanding of where multiplayer mobile gaming is headed, I've been getting myself up to speed on the key social trends among mobile users worldwide. A few weeks ago, I ran across an article called Wireless fosters a societal evolution that got me thinking about mobility from a different angle. Intrigued, I ordered the research report referenced in the article: The Mobiles: social evolution in a wireless society. It's a fascinating read -- and one of the best resources I've run across for understanding worldwide social trends in mobile useage.
...continue reading.
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February 26, 2004
Posted by
Multiplayer gaming IS social software -- and a fascinating development in this genre is the emergence of location-based cellphone games like BotFighters (the grandaddy of the genre, launched in 2001) and Undercover (launched in 2003). In these games, cellphone-toting urban warriors take to the streets of their city to search for clues, complete missions, and engage in battle (and conversation) with their fellow players. Each game overlays a virtual 'gaming grid' onto the physical layout of the city, and tracks the players' location within that grid using the built-in GPS of their cellphones.
 This genre is starting to mature -- as evidenced by hybrid lifeforms that are emerging. My current favorite is Mogi, Item Hunt, a Tokyo-based game where the core game mechanic is collecting and trading (rather than fighting). Using a live map (shown at right) as a guide, players move through the streets and 'pick up' virtual items with their cellphone interface. The goal is to amass points by completing collections -- and in addition to collecting items on the streets, players can trade items amongst themselves to complete their collections. Mogi also includes a buddy-based messaging service, and a mechanism for messaging any player who's online using the gaming grid. For a user-centric glimpse into what makes this game so compelling, check out this blog post from a Mogi player.
 Mogi also includes a full-featured Web-based game interface (shown at left) -- which means that logged-in players can communicate and trade objects seemlessly, regardless of whether they're using a cellphone or computer. THIS ROCKS -- I'm thrilled to see smart, creative developers experimenting with trans-device gaming experiences, which I think will be huge. If you know of other entertainment experiences that offer cellphone & web-based interfaces to the same data set, I'd love to hear about 'em.
(psst -- here's a little secret I discovered: if you want to check out Mogi's web-based interface, type in 'test' for your username & password and have at it :-)
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February 23, 2004
Posted by
Thanks for the intro, Ross - it's great to be here, I'm looking forward to sharing what I'm focused on these days, and engaging in some lively discussions.
I've got a few projects going right now -- including an upcoming talk at GDC Mobile on social trends in mobile gaming. I've been having a total blast doing the background research -- and I'd like to show you some of the cool mobile services that I'm learning about.
First up - check out Saw-You, a UK-based service text-chat and avatar-matching service that's based around 'pub culture.' If you visit the site, be sure to check out the DEMO (click on the pink star). Also, go ahead and try creating a WeeMee - a simple little avatar that's used for real-world matching and searching. It's fun & impressively easy.
Saw-you isn't a multiplayer game per se -- rather, it's mobile entertainment that includes game-like elements, including avatars, points, and a subscription model that's similar to many multiplayer games. I'm excited to see highly-social, location-based services like Saw-You emerge -- it looks like a new species of massively multiplayer entertainment.
I'd love to hear what y'all think about social trends in mobile gaming. What are you noticing? What's 'hot?' How are the dynamics of Web-based social software intersecting with mobile culture?
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February 2, 2004
Posted by David Weinberger
Orkut embodies two of the weaknesses inherent in artificial social networks: it requires us to be clear and precise. Those are virtues when it comes to invoices and jury verdicts, but they are how real social networks are not built.
The precision shows up in the digital choices we're given: Is Phil your friend or not? If he is, is he one-star, two-star or three-star sexy? Choices you are not given include: (i) Sort of sexy. (ii) Could be sexy if he dressed better. (iii) If I were a woman, I think I'd find him sort of sexy if I went for that type and if he dressed better. So, exactly how many stars does that work out to?
Ah, but as several commenters on a previous blog entry pointed out, Orkut lets us write testimonials precisely to get around the over-precision of the yes-no rating system: We can write what we want and say what we can't say with 1-3 stars.
But, while testimonials need not be precise, they do try to make explicit something important about a relationship. Sometimes, of course, that's exactly what we need to do. And, if the testimonial system is working for you, fine. For some people in some situations it's going to be exactly what they need,
Nevertheless, you can only build a real social network by overcoming clarity and precision. Groups form by creating messy darkness. A team "bonds" as the relationships among the members become so tangly and ambiguous that the members can no longer sum one another up in a few words, much less by reference to their official roles. A mailing list becomes more than just a distribution channel when, over time, the participants learn enough about one another through the implicit body language of messages that their off-hand descriptions -- "She's a curmudgeon" "He's a total geek" -- feel inadequate. Our most important relationships -- our family, for example -- we can't fathom fully much less explain clearly. Groups become real through ambiguity, messiness, the implicit and the unspoken.
We can be somewhat precise and somewhat explicit about these real relationships, but there's a price to pay: Any clear and explicit description I gave you of my daughter would obscure more than it showed, and would have an effect on my relationship with her if she were to read it here.
Artificial Social Networks like Orkut get it backwards. They are built on explicit and precise declarations of relationship.
Does this mean they're worthless and doomed? Not at all, although I personally am finding Orkut to be all maintenance and no value. Humans are so doggedly social (hmm, something wrong with that sentence!) that we take every instance of proximity as an opportunity for relationship, and we overcome every obstacle to find someone else to care about: A line for tickets becomes a nonce encounter group if the movie is sold out, and even prisoners in solitary will tap on the walls to talk with someone they may never see. (BTW, what exactly is the baud rate for cell-wall tapping?) So, connect millions of us by digital lines that are clear and precise, and we'll figure out some way to overcome the system's limitations and bring it into genuine sociality. Something will emerge. We just can't tell what yet.
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January 31, 2004
Posted by David Weinberger
I have problems with Orkut and other such e-friendship networks because they make binary the most analog of relationships. But I really hate testimonials. I am neurotically compliment-averse to begin with but encouraging people to write little paragraphs praising one another cannot help but spawn an Economy of Bullshit.
What makes it worse is that the couple of testimonials I've gotten (and declined) have been from actual friends who thoughtfully crafted paragraphs that meant something to them and to me. And then I slam the door on them.
I wish Orkut would make this less awkward by letting participants opt out of receiving testimonials.
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January 30, 2004
Posted by David Weinberger
Marc Canter has been banned from Orkut, possibly because he linked to 300 friends in a week.
Hmmm. I've ranked every one of my Orkut friends as maximally fan-worthy, trust-worthy, cool and sexy, except for the handful of people who've asked me to be friends who I actually have never heard of before; they only get 2 stars out of 3.
So, will I be next? One can only hope...
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January 28, 2004
Posted by David Weinberger
I've started off my new Corante blog — on how the Net is changing our democracy and politics — with a critique of Clay's provocative Dean meme.
The new blog is called Loose Democracy, and I'm open to comments, suggestions, criticisms, unfunded mandates and recall initiatives. And please remind me of the 4,000 people I've left off my blogroll...I have problems creating lists ex nihilo.
All I can promise you is that I will never make a mistake and I will never ever be wrong.
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Posted by David Weinberger
From Denounce:
Amazon Launches New Social Network Called "Pricekut"
Customers Can Now See and Comment on the Contents of Other Customers' Shopping Carts
It's satire, ok? (Thanks to Brian Dear for the link.)
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January 23, 2004
Posted by David Weinberger
As Ross has noted, there's a new social network on the block: Orkut. from Google.
I think I see where this is going: I'm going to have a different social network for every friend. Then a protocol for networking the social networks will arise. The protocol will be TCP/IP (The Commutative Pal Is Pestered) and the network of social networks will be called the Intersocialnet.
But, unlike the Internet, the value of the network of social networks won't go up as the number of nodes increases for the same reason that my real social network doesn't expand every time someone is born. In fact, when I reach my breaking point (which is scheduled to occur about 4 hours from now) and start autoresponding to those upbeat emails with a curt "No, you are NOT my friend!", the Intersocialnet will turn me into a pariah wandering the digital earth friendsterless and friendless all my days.
Thanks a lot, Orkut!
According to the Butt Ugly Weblog, "orkut" is a slang term for "orgasm" in Finnish. Unfortunately, the site is named after its creator, Orkut Buyukkokten, whose parents were either cruel or not Finnish.
On the other hand, what isn't a slang term for "orgasm"? I mean, even "Finnish" is, as in: "Didn't you Finnish yet?"
(Thanks to Janne Jalkanen for pointing out the dirty Scandinavian parts.)
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January 5, 2004
Posted by David Weinberger
I like Skype. It lets me make phone calls for free to the other 4M people who have signed up for the service. The calls go through my computer and they work real good.
But I've just gotten my second random phone call from some well-intentioned stranger who wants to know if I want to chat. Actually, I don't. If you call my Skype number randomly, the odds are just about perfect that you're going to be interrupting something that I'd rather be doing than speaking with a stranger. And here's how you know that: If I wanted to be speaking with a stranger now, I'd be on the Skype phone calling one. If you can get through to me on my Skype line it's because I don't want to be speaking with a stranger now.
Thank you for your attention.
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January 4, 2004
Posted by David Weinberger
There's some back-and-forth at StartUpSkills.com on whether social software will amount to much. Jeremy Zawodny says: "Start thinking about how adding a social networking component to existing systems could improve them." StartUpSkills replies that people don't have enough incentive to give away the social network that is their competitive advantage.
Personally, I agree with Jeremy that networks such as LinkedIn will only survive if an external application figures out a use for them. Without that, we're left with people you don't know asking you to hook them up with other people you don't know.
Om Malik doesn't understand why people would share their Rolodexes with commercial entities. My problem, though, isn't that my Rolodex is too valuable to share (hah!), but that social software of the Friendster/LinkedIn sort necessarily get social relationships wrong:
First, social relationships aren't transitive: If A knows B who knows C who knows D, there is no sense in which A knows C much less D. We do, however, have a social convention for first degree relationships: A is entitled to ask B for an introduction to C. But not to D.
Second, social relationships aren't formal (in the logical sense). In logic, if A > B and B > C, then A > C. But -- and here's why people generally don't name their kids A, B and C -- A doesn't have to ask B's permission to be greater than C, and C doesn't get annoyed at B for pestering her with requests from strangers to be greater than C. Every time I introduce someone to my pal C, I am altering my relationship with C just a little bit.
Third, real social networks are always implicit. The ones constructed explicitly are always -- yes, always -- infected with a heavy dose of social bullshit. It's like thinking that the invitiation list for your wedding actually reflects your circle of friends and relatives. No, you had to invite Barry-the-Boozer because he's your cousin and you couldn't invite Marsha because then you'd have to invite her husband Larry-the-Ass-Grabber and her daughter Erin-the-Snot-Flinger. Explicitly constructed social networks not only lack the differentiation that makes relationships real, they are falsehoods built to reinforce spectral relationships and to avoid ending shaky ones.
There may be uses for the links created within these artificial social networks, for while the relationships aren't transitive, some of their properties -- interests, tastes, prejudices -- are: if A and C both know B, they are statistically more likely to share B's tastes in music than two randomly selected people are. That may turn out to be useful to some other application.
But if you want to get at the real social networks, you're going to have to figure them out from the paths that actual feet have worn into the actual social carpet.
(See Ross on FOAF and Plink and Clay on Om...)
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December 31, 2003
Posted by David Weinberger
Seconding Liz's linking to Matt Haughey's ideas for useful social software.
Matt suggests "Epinions + Friendster," which sounds a lot like a company that Paul English, Rick Levine and I tried to start a few years ago. Matt puts the problem well:
Last summer I moved to a town in a place far away from where I've spent the past few years, and one of the first problems I had to solve was finding the perfect everything. I quickly amassed a bunch of questions that took months of trial and error to answer through a network of new friends and neighbors. Where could I get a good haircut? Which one of the local dentists would be most understanding of my dental anxiety? Which store should I shop for food at if I want a lot of organic, natural, and meatless food? Are there any trustworthy mechanics in this town? Which one of the two Thai places is "the good one?" Where should I go for a nice night out here? Which theater plays the art house movies? Which one of the furniture stores should I trust with my money?
We bought the url WordOfMouth.com and set up shop in Boulder, CO. The initial idea was to provide a way for webs of friends to share information about local services like the ones Matt describes. You'd list which services you use, and rate, review and discuss them. You'd also be able to indicate who you know and trust, and join clusters of the like-minded. We hooked up with newspaper sites, integrating with their yellow page services. And then the company went broke. The newspapers loved the service so long as it was free to them. Getting them to pay was a whole 'nother issue.
I still think the initial idea is solid; hardly a day goes by that I couldn't put a service like that to some use.
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December 1, 2003
Posted by David Weinberger
Esther Dyson has written a right-on article about social networks, warning about the privacy issues that will arise especially as one or two become more prevalent:
At the end of the day we will have private aggregations of data more rich and interconnected and personal than any government ever dreamed of ... and of course this data will be readily available, just as data from credit card companies, merchants and airlines is today.
She also worries about what these networks are doing to the notion of friendship:
In some way, with their numbers and lists and classifications, these services can subtly make a social network into a trophy collection.
Exactly! I'm a member of LinkedIn but I only visit it when someone requests me to approve them as a friend. (Weird concept.) I always say yes because saying no is a much more serious event. Besides, so far no one I dislike has asked me.
But the resulting social network doesn't reflect my real online social network. For that, you'd have to watch my incoming and outgoing email, and track the blogs I read and respond to. No, the network being assembled at LinkedIn has little to do with friendship and sociality and a lot to do with mutually advantageous business relationships.
Of course, there's nothing wrong with that, except that these social networks are debasing the words "friend" and "social."
Perhaps a more descriptive tagline would help. How about:
Putting the Shill into Social
Leveraging Mere Acquaintanceships for Business Success since 2003
So that's what friends are for!
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November 19, 2003
Posted by David Weinberger
Imagine doing Friendster in person. You go up to the people you know and ask if they want to sign up as your friend. None of them say no, of course, unless you are badly deluded about who your friends are. Then you see someone who is a friend of a friend. You go up to him and strike up a conversation based on nothing except the fact that you both know the same person. You get to state what your interests are and read the other person's list. "So, you like ice skating, Victorian embroidery and the Pats." Pretty grim scenario. Social networks - both artificial ones like Friendster and real ones like the people you cc - often depend on the connective thread being vanishingly thin.
So, last night we had 15 strangers over to our house to write letters to undecided Democratic voters in Iowa explaining why we think they ought to consider supporting Dean. This is a very weird exercise, like doing Friendster not in person but via personal, handwritten letters, and without the mediation of a shared friend. The only personal relationship vaguer and more artificial than this is, perhaps, the penpal: "So, you live in Greece! I live in Boston. Do you like souvlaki? I do, but not as much as pizza. Do you eat pizza in Greece...etc." At least we had something to talk about.
It's weird (yet slightly thrilling). You're connecting without context. How old is the recipient? Political position? Socio-economic class? Favorite Beatle? You've got nothing. Sometimes you can't even tell from the person's name what sex s/he is. I wouldn't have been shocked if this campaign had been received as intrusive or offensive, yet, there's some evidence that it works: Dean's polls numbers have gone up after mailings like these. Could be a coincidence. Might not be.
So, what do we learn from this? A few things, I think:
First, it's a reminder of how weird it is to set out to build a human connection on purpose rather than have it emerge from a context rich with gestures as small as an eye glance. That's as true of Friendster as it is of penpals.
Second, the thinness of the connection permits us to take social liberties that in a real-world, embodied meeting we would not.
Third, if you want to stop spam, make the spammers write each of their damn messages in longhand. Oy, my aching digits!
Sorry to be writing about the Dean campaign again, but I've been spending more time on that than I have on social software in the past few weeks.
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November 17, 2003
Posted by David Weinberger
So, we have what seems to be at least a relatively new social phenomenon happening: a presidential campaign that's moving ahead in part because the supporters are feeling connected not just to the candidate but to one another. And that campaign (Dean's) has been creating an infrastructure that allows groups of supporters to meet and stay in touch...a social network. This happens through the real-world contacts made at MeetUps, through the Dean online social network (DeanLinks), through the Dean real-world event organizer (GetLocal), and through the open source software they've written to make it easy for anyone to create a group and to link to other groups (DeanSpace).
Let's say Dean loses either the nomination or the election. As others have pointed out, he could become the Goldwater of the Democrats: the person who loses the election but lays the foundation for a strong recovery years later. In this case, the groundwork would include a set of social relationships instantiated on the Web.
What would happen to that infrastructure? My guess - and keep in mind that I have never been right, not even once(tm) - is that the elements with the ties to local geography are the most likely to persist. Yes, it seems quite possible that we'll see some topical mailing lists emerge, and perhaps Pilots for Dean (via DeanSpace) will stay together for a couple of decades because it's a good place to ask for advice from like-minded flyboys and flygals. But I suspect (based on almost nothing) that it's the friendships made through MeetUp and the access to local people in DeanLinks and GetLocal that will survive the longest with the richest connections. Geo-based groups are a resource for all sorts of questions that almost always have real immediacy to them. For example, if it's January 2005 and you want to organize a bus to go protest the second Bush inaugural (nooooooo!), GetLocal is sitting there waiting for you. And if you want to get some folks together to serve Christmas dinner at the local shelter, GetLocal will be a good place to look. Then, of course, there are all the uses that will emerge and surprise our asses.
Much more fun to think about: What becomes of this social network if Dean wins...
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November 14, 2003
Posted by David Weinberger
I was at a day-long conversation about emergent democracy a couple of days ago and found myself arguing against talking about the (possibly) new grassroots as a form of "activism" or "participatory democracy." From my highly limited viewpoint, what's (seemingly) happening around the Dean campaign is better understood as connected democracy. It's not simply that connecting lowers the hurdle when compared with either activism or participating. More important, the rewards of connected democracy are different. Yeah, we (pretty please) throw King W out, but we also get a relationship to the others walking in the same direction. We're friends, we're buddies, we know one another by (login) name. That by itself is a powerful motivator.
Of course that sense of connection is nothing new. In fact, there's nothing older in our history than our sense of connection to others. But we haven't been trusted to organize ourselves -- i.e., to invent things to do and then go do them together -- as we have in the Dean campaign. And, more important, to talk about e-democracy only in terms of activism and participation misses that which will carry this campaign beyond Election Day, win (hooray!) or lose (deplete the Strategic Prozac reserve).
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November 10, 2003
Posted by David Weinberger
The current set of discussions swirling around Clay's latest pebble in the pond I think raises a question for social software: Where does social software fit into the Semantic Web?
Since there seems to be considerable disagreement about what the Semanatic Web (or, if you prefer, semantic web) is, this may seem like an ambiguous question. And how ironic that would be, since the Semantic Web (at least according to most accounts) begins by people coming up with taxonomies that make clear (searchable and usable) what a set of data is about.
This works great for some fielded data...more or less by definition since the fields are the metadata. So, if you're trying to get a bus schedule that will get you to a movie theater on time for the early evening showing of The Matrix Redundant, it's easy to imagine a computing application looking up bus schedules on one site and movie times at another. But social software is, arguably, a reaction against the collaborative systems that fielded too much. Instead of filling in forms and choosing from pulldown menus, social software has us writing in wikis and blogs. What could be more ambiguous than a wiki, the very definition of a document that's never done?
Of course, there's plenty of metadata around social software: author, date, revision history, category, title, mean time between posts, etc. And all of that is value just waiting to be put to use by clever applications. But the metadata about a bus schedule leads you to unambiguous and predictable data; the metadata around social software does not; it leads you to delightful surprises.
So, what's the role of social software in the Semantic Web? Does it even show up on the Semantic Web's radar? Does the Semantic Web ignore the fruit of social software as unreliable and unpredictable and unusable data? In other words, does the Semantic Web systematically route around some of the most important and human information on the Net?
...continue reading.
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October 29, 2003
Posted by danah boyd
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October 28, 2003
Posted by danah boyd
I had the awesome privilege of attending the Intimate (Ubiquitous) Computing workshop at Ubicomp this year. The attendees grappled with issues of intimacy, the relationship between people and the impact of technology on intimacy. These issues are so relevant to social software, but so rarely addressed. For example, what is the impact of social software on intimacy? How does it affect our mechanisms of relating to people?
It's so easy as social software developers to think about people's hypothetical needs and design towards them, without really processing what impact we've had. Yet, the structures we create fundamentally affect how people interact, both offline and online. How are we changing people's ability to engage offline because of their digital presence? How are we changing our understandings of the public sphere?
Ubicomp made me reflect on how easily we slip into a technocentric point of view. It's so easy to assume that there is a perfect set of technologies, that they will solve all of the world's problems and that they will produce nothing but good.
My take-away from the whole thing was to remember that we must think about the domains that we impact. We as social software developers/designers have the opportunity to dramatically impact social behavior. But we must approach this cautiously because if we fail to consider our impact, we could cause more harm than good.
[Remember: guns don't kill people; people kill people. But they *use* guns and those guns were designed by people, and designed to kill.]
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